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- Choosing a Business Partner in Japan
-
- Selecting the appropriate partner in Japan is probably the
- single most critical factor for your success in the market.
- Your partner should be someone with whom you can
- communicate comfortably -- someone who can teach you the
- subtleties and finer points of the product market in Japan.
- Your partner should be able to answer most of your
- questions regarding the sale of your goods. He should be
- able to recommend alterations on your product which are
- required by government regulation or which will make your
- product more attractive to the Japanese consumer. You need
- to maintain a constant dialogue with your Japanese partner
- for an effective relationship. You need to be a good
- listener. You should also anticipate and respond to the
- needs of your potential customers. If you are not
- successful in establishing a good working relationship and
- trust with your Japanese partner, you will not succeed in
- Japan.
-
- Occasionally, an American exporter wishes to change
- agents/distributors/representatives. The reasons for this
- decision may vary. If the U.S. product does not sell well
- within the first year, the American exporter often
- incorrectly assumes that their Japanese partner has not
- done his or her job. However, there are other factors which
- must be considered such as lack of patience on the American
- firm's part, poor product quality or after-sales service,
- or an unwillingness to meet Japanese consumer tastes. If
- you have established a good working relationship and trust
- with your partner, you should be able to determine what the
- real factors are. Remember it is difficult to change
- partners in Japan. Business in Japan is driven by personal
- relationships. Terminating the relationship between you
- and your Japanese trading partner may alienate you from the
- business community. Furthermore, it is very difficult to
- keep a search for another partner secret from the original
- partner. The impact on the existing relationship and
- overall business in Japan could be fatal.
-
- The following is a 12-point checklist for your company in
- choosing a trading partner in Japan:
-
- (1) Does your prospective partner have knowledge and
- expertise in your product area, and an established
- network in the specific area that you want to sell to?
-
- (2) Can you use the distribution network that your partner
- owns?
-
- (3) What is the quality of your partner's employees, and
- what team will be working for you?
-
- (4) What is the size of the sales force, and what
- percentage of their time will your product receive?
-
- (5) What is your partner's corporate culture? Are you
- his/her first experience with an international
- company?
-
- (6) What geographic coverage can your partner provide?
- Can he/she help you deliver the product outside of the
- major cities?
-
- (7) How does your partner handle strategic planning? Has
- he/she performed a thorough analysis of what it will
- cost to handle your product?
-
- (8) How is your partner positioned in the marketplace and
- what are his/her long-term goals? Are these compatible
- with yours?
-
- (9) What is your partner's attitude toward advertising and
- investment? Is he/she a savvy marketer?
-
- (10) Is there a conflict of interest between your product
- and your partner's product?
-
- (11) Do you have support from the senior management of the
- Japanese company and are they accessible to you?
-
- (12) Does the contract provide adequate intellectual
- property protection for your firm?
-
- Which is the Best Entry Mechanism for Your Company?
-
- Selecting your best entry method requires an assessment of
- the potential market size, the structure of the market, the
- complexity of existing distribution channels, your firm's
- resources, and your willingness and ability to commit to
- the Japanese market.
-
- In evaluating the alternatives for market entry, you should
- carefully weigh the alternative costs of various
- distribution options against the potential market for your
- products. The type of product that you are interested in
- exporting to Japan may make your decision easy. You should
- choose a business partner who will profit from marketing
- your product or service and who is experienced in importing
- your product line.
-
- More Advanced Market Entry Alternatives
-
- Beyond the agent/distributor relationship, if your firm is
- interested in establishing a permanent presence in the
- Japanese market, other options include setting up a
- representative or branch office, subsidiary, or joint
- venture. In choosing an entry option, your company should
- consider many points, including the volume and type of
- business to be carried out, costs, and the degree of
- control you wish to maintain. Not every entry alternative
- will suit your company.
-
- You can also enter the market by appointing a Japanese
- manufacturer of a complementary product line as your
- representative. This type of representation allows you to
- take advantage of product compatibility with the Japanese
- firm's own lines and to utilize its distribution and
- service network. Such arrangements have frequently led to
- mutually beneficial relationships, including licensing
- agreements and joint ventures for partial or full
- manufacturing of products in Japan. Some foreign firms use
- a freight forwarder to handle some of the details of
- importing, such as arranging for transportation and customs
- clearance. Necessary technical services can be arranged
- through contracts with specialized technical or engineering
- firms which possess the required capabilities.
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